Thermal explosion of a reactive gas mixture at constant pressure for non-uniform and uniform temperature systems

In this study, the approximate and exact solutions for the stationary-state of the solids model with neglecting reactant consumption for both non-uniform and uniform temperature systems were applied on gas ignition under a constant pressure condition. The criticality conditions for a slab, an infinite cylinder, and a sphere are determined and discussed using dimensionless temperatures under constant ambient and surface temperatures for a non-uniform temperature system. Exact solution for a Semenov model with convection heat loss was also presented. The solution of the Semenov problem for constant volume or density as a solid and constant pressure were compared. The critical parameter δ is calculated and compared with those of Frank-Kamenetskii solution values. The validation of the calculated ignition temperatures with other exact solution and experimental results were offered. The relation between critical parameters form Semenov and F.K. models solution was introduced.     

弹药贮存微环境温度智能化预测

高效、准确获取弹药贮存微环境温度变化规律是开展弹药寿命评估与延寿的关键。结合神经网络算法以及传热学原理,研究了弹药贮存微环境温度预测模型,并基于此模型开发了一套弹药包装箱微环境预测软件,用以预测不同气候环境下包装箱内部的温度变化。在敦煌、漠河进行了相关试验,用以验证软件预测正确性以及参数优化。结果表明：应用基于神经网络算法开发的包装箱微环境预测软件,根据不同包装箱材料,调控贮存地点以及控制贮存起始温度,可以实现对箱内温度的控制。     

气象探空火箭气温测量不确定度评估方法

在气象火箭测温修正模型基础上,通过误差分析理论,对温度修正及其不确定度评估方法进行研究。根据火箭探空仪在空中下落过程中大气密度变化规律,建立温度修正数学模型,推导得到温度修正公式。根据误差理论,分析影响温度修正的八项误差因素,并逐项给出温度修正误差表达式。以气象火箭实测数据为例,运用上述公式,对探空火箭温度反演不确定度进行分析计算。结果表明:温度反演不确定度在50~60 km较大,最大为3.6 K;40~50 km不确定度为0.3~0.9 K;40 km以下,不大于0.3 K。影响温度不确定度的因素主要是气动加热修正项、滞后效应修正项、结构热传导修正项和传感器对环境热辐射修正项。数据处理时采用参考大气或标准大气仅进行一次修正是不够的,需进行迭代修正,单次修正结果与迭代修正结果差异最大可达5.6 K。     

模糊控制在循环流化床锅炉床温控制系统中的应用研究

由于循环流化床锅炉床温控制系统具有大滞后、多变量、强耦合等非线性特性，其控制系统比较复杂。为了解决复杂控制系统难以控制的问题，采用模糊控制理论进行锅炉床温控制系统的设计，并应用MATLAB软件对模糊控制系统进行仿真。仿真实验结果表明，与传统的PID相比，采用模糊控制策略，系统的响应速度快，控制精度高。     

对提升社会防控火灾能力构筑防火墙工程的思考

随着经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,社会消防安全保障能力相对滞后,目前火灾尤其是亡人火灾多发,消防安全形势十分严峻。从抓住工作重点,整合社会消防资源,完善工作举措,前移火灾防控关口几个方面,对筑牢社会消防安全＂防火墙＂工程作了全面阐述。     

Effect of particle gradation of aluminum on the explosion field pressure and temperature of RDX-based explosives in vacuum and air atmosphere

To optimize the energy output and improve the energy utilization efficiency of an aluminized explosive, an explosion device was developed and used to investigate the detonation pressure and temperature of R1 (Al6) aluminum powder and the aluminum powder particle gradation of R2 (Al6+Al13), R3 (Al6+Al24) and R4 (Al6+Al flake) in a confined space. By using gas chromatography, quantitative analysis and calculations were carried out to analyze the gaseous detonation products. Finally, the reaction ratios of the aluminum powder and the explosion reaction equations were calculated. The results show that in a confined space, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperature of the aluminum powder in air are higher than in vacuum. In vacuum, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R3>R4>R2 and R3>R4>R1>R2, respectively. In air, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R2>R4>R3 and R1>R4>R2>R3, respectively. R4 (Al6+Al flake) and R3 (Al6+Al24) have relatively higher temperatures after detonation, which shows that the particle gradation method can enhance the reaction energy output of aluminum during the initial reaction stage of the explosion and increase the reaction ratio by 10.6% and 8.0%, respectively. In air, the reaction ratio of Al6 aluminum powder can reach as high as 78.16%, and the reaction ratio is slightly reduced after particle gradation. Finally, the reaction equations of the explosives in vacuum and in air were calculated by quantitative analysis of the explosion products, which provides a powerful basis for the study of RDX-based explosive reactions.     

圆锥薄壳热应力分析的分布参数传递函数方法

为分析圆锥壳的热应力问题,建立了圆锥壳热弹性问题的基本微分方程,运用分布参数传递函数方法求解了受温度场作用圆锥壳的位移与热应力.计算结果表明,解析解与有限元解吻合良好.该方法可以对不同边界条件下圆锥壳的热变形和热应力问题进行分析,还可以推广到旋转壳母线形状为曲线的情况.     

纸面石膏板耐火性能试验研究

利用扫描电子显微镜，对经历不同温度和冷却方式的纸面石膏板试块的显微结构进行观察和分析。结果表明：在不同受热温度和冷却方式条件下，纸面石膏板的结构和强度将发生改变。当受热温度达到300℃时，护面纸与石膏芯材结合松动，护面纸发生热分解、炭化，石膏芯材产生裂纹，网状晶体骨架结构疏松、断裂、破碎，完整性遭到破坏，强度基本丧失；受热温度越高，纸面石膏板结构和强度的破坏越严重。     

热壁条件下油气热着火关键因素探究

设计了受限空间内高温热壁条件下的油气热着火的实验系统.基于系统的实验和分析,探究了受限空间环境温度、湿度、压力、热壁温度对油气热着火发生的影响.实验发现:油气热着火概率随着热壁温度和环境温度的升高、湿度的减小而增加;油气混合物在汽油自燃点附近开始快速化学反应,油气热着火的最低临界温度为783 K;油气热着火存在三角形的着火压力半岛,且着火压力下限随热壁温度升高而降低,着火压力上限随温度升高而提高.     

某新型减阻试验台理论仿真

针对现今水洞、风洞减阻试验准备过程繁琐、周期长、费用昂贵等问题,根据同轴旋转粘度计原理.提出了针对脊状结构减阻、涂层减阻等减阻技术的新型试验台.通过选取V型和U型两种脊状结构,对试验台模型进行模拟仿真计算,将具有脊状结构的试验台壁面剪切力值和湍流强度与光滑试验台数据进行比较,得到了较好的减阻效果.从而说明运用本试验台进行减阻试验的方案是切实可行的.